E Pluribus Unum: Rursus? A Comment on Loftus, Johnson, and Shimamura's "How Much Is an Icon Worth?"
نویسنده
چکیده
Loftus, Johnson, and Shimamura (1975) displayed a test stimulus (a picture) followed by a masking stimulus either immediately or after a 300-ms delay. They attributed the superior performance obtained with the delayed mask to the continued availability of a visible icon. Here I suggest that Loftus et al.'s explanation is questionable on empirical and on conceptual grounds. Instead, I propose an account based on more traditional concepts of backward masking by pattern (e.g., Scheerer, 1973) and on nonvisible schematic representations of visual displays.
منابع مشابه
An Icon Can Have No Worth in the Real World: Comments on Loftus, Johnson, and Shimamura's "How Much Is an Icon Worth?"
Loftus, Johnson, and Shimamura (1985) demonstrate a novel procedure by which they estimate the worth of an icon. My comment is not directed at the methodological implications of the procedure, but at the theoretical generalizations that are made about the worth of icons. Evidence for iconic storage is obtained only in paradigms in which a single, brief, discrete stimulus flash is presented to a...
متن کاملHow much is an icon worth?
We report a new technique for assessing the amount of information extracted from the icon that follows a briefly presented picture. The problem of how to measure such information was formulated in terms of how much physical exposure of a picture an icon is worth. Consider two types of stimulus presentations, each with a base duration of d ms. The first is a d-ms picture followed by an icon, and...
متن کاملE Pluribus Unum. Representing Compounding in a Derivational Lexicon of Latin
English. This paper describes how compounding is treated in the Word Formation Latin derivational lexicon. Through the analysis of some types of Latin compounds, perspectives and limitations of the resource are highlighted; its contribution to theoretical and computational linguistic issues is also outlined. Italiano. Questo contributo descrive come viene trattata la composizione nel lessico de...
متن کامل7 Usage-Based Language Learning
As a child, you talked with your significant others about things of shared interest using words and phrases that came to mind, and all the while you learned language. We authors of this paper were privy to none of your language experience. Nor did you have access to ours. Yet somehow we have all converged upon a similar enough “English” to be able to communicate here. How so? Quine argued that ...
متن کامل"E pluribus unum" or How to Derive Single-equation Descriptions for Output-quantities in Nonlinear Circuits using Differential Algebra
In this paper we describe by a number of examples how to deduce one single characterizing higher order differential equation for output quantities of an analog circuit. In the linear case, we apply basic ”symbolic” methods from linear algebra to the system of differential equations which is used to model the analog circuit. For nonlinear circuits and their corresponding nonlinear differential e...
متن کامل